The different trends in the jobs market for men and young women

The model of labor market entry means that 18 and exit 65 is obsolete , and instead , young people often begin their careers after having developed more human cap ¬ such post secondary education and training and experience of internships, work-study, mentoring , scholarships , job and work part time.{work}Today's young people change jobs more frequently between the ages of 18 and 25 and only one in 10 describes his current job as career.4 older workers , especially those with a college degree working in white-collar occupations are leaving the labor market at an older age .{jobs}{work}

Our analysis shows that there are different trends in the labor market for men and young women .{work}Al ¬ when young women still faced by young people and employment compensation , considerable progress has been made in recent decades because of its strong response to the growing demand for post secondary education and training .{jobs}{work}Young people , however , have experienced negative trends : decreased labor force participation , employment and earnings since earnings of young men fell by 19,805 compared to the average wage gains strength workers.6 old ( 30-54 ) , in part due to a decline in unionization and the failure of the minimum wage to keep pace with inflation. But the main causes of a declining youth access to secondary - wages , blue-collar workers and increased the concentration of low-wage jobs in food / personal service occupations ¬ . For young women , long-term trends are more positive : its labor market participation and employment rates and incomes are higher than in the 1980s .{jobs}

Divergent trends for men and young women are , in part, due to the bias towards technological change : new technologies that have automated work tasks and devote more attention to education and ¬ skills in the labor market .{jobs}Young women - including enrollment and post- secondary education have skyrocketed since 1980 , beating the young men in the 1990s and the widening gap in subsequent years - the land gained considerable labor market .{jobs}{work}

These trends in the labor market were carried out along a series of cultural changes associated with young adults have delayed home and family formation , the most important steps that have always defined the transition to adulthood adult .{jobs} Young adults today are more likely to live with their parents change residence every year , and cohabit than previous generations . They, in turn , to marry and have children at a later age than ever.{work}
 
For elderly , long-term trends are more encouraging . The health of the elderly has improved dramatically life expectancy at age 65 has increased.{jobs} {work}

A higher proportion of older people are working or actively seeking employment. The increases were due primarily to increased participation of women , especially women in college, the workforce . Similarly, older people have experienced a considerable increase in their employment rate , revenue , income and level of wealth in the last three decades , especially those with a university degree . In part, the growth of wages of older workers is the result of their average salary offset in blue-collar occupations for employment in high-wage occupations office management / health professional / technical professions and STEM (science, technology , engineering and mathematics ) occupations.{young women}{jobs}{work}

Labor participation in the elderly population has also increased due to a higher proportion of this group is to delay retirement ages ¬ later than their counterparts in the 1980s . There are five possible explanations for these trends.{jobs}{work}

• First, improve health and increase life expectancy has increased the ability to work at older ages.{young women}

• Second change ,{jobs}technological skills influenced by the change led to a physical cognitive tasks , which the elderly , who may be unable to physically demanding jobs , working in ¬ ages .{jobs}{work}

• Third, pension plans , defined benefit that often discourage work beyond the age of eligibility for benefits have been greatly reduced .{jobs} {work}
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• Fourth, a number of social security reforms have increased incentives for older people to work ,{jobs}including raising the retirement age from 65 to 67 and the elimination in 2000 of the so-called proof of income , which imposed higher indirect revenue worked beyond full retirement age .{young women}{jobs} {work}

• Fifth,{jobs}employers who offer health insurance as a retirement benefit ¬ inclined to encourage workers to remain employed until age 65 , when they become eligible for Medicare benefits .{jobs}

Young adults suffer more in times of crisis for several reasons. The less specific human capital of the company, less work experience , job search techniques worse, and lower professional networks .{jobs}Many companies also have policies that disproportionately affect young people who have less seniority in the " last in, first out" employment ( LIFO ) . The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD) estimates that for every 1 percentage point point change in the rate of adult unemployment , unemployment ¬ youth unemployment rates of 1.8 percent points.7{jobs} 
 
But young people are not only experienced high unemployment rates and participation in the labor market , income , access to full-time jobs and wealth all have decreased substantially. Decrease in the number of young adults is due to the combined effects of the destruction of the Great Recession in the value of houses , student debt higher associated with rising college costs and payment levels tuition and declining home ownership rates .{jobs}
 
Young people have been particularly large declines in labor force participation , employment and earn ¬ Mets , reflecting the long-term trend . Young women have lost ground in the labor market , but have been relatively immune to their high rates of post -secondary education . Both men and young women have changed occupations semi - skilled , but young people were left in low-skilled jobs ,{jobs} while young women have moved into occupations with low and high level of skills.{young women}{jobs}
 
There are many reasons to believe that the economic effects of young adults have experienced in the last decade will not be short term. Economists have found negative economic , social and personal long-term for people who enter the labor market during bad times .{young women}These effects are the result of " cyclic degradation " in which young workers to settle for jobs and occupations not otherwise , which leads to loss of pay and less job security until 10 or 15 years later .{young women} Periods of unemployment have large psychosocial effects on the individual as well, and are associated with adverse effects on physical and mental health .{jobs}
 
The declines have negatively affected disproportionately young African- Americans who have seen significant economic progress can ¬ not in the 1990s .{jobs} The wage gap between whites and African Famer ¬ Cain youth has increased significantly since 2000 , after two decades of decline. Similarly, young adults without a college degree were particularly vulnerable since 2000 .
 
Seniors have faced a number of challenges in the 21st century . The employment of older people , profits and rising household incomes.{jobs}The increased employment and income , particularly for women and college education .{young women}The wealth of the elderly has declined, but not as much as other age groups . However, older adults who are unemployed are particularly vulnerable to periods of long-term unemployment , {young women}which grew at a higher rate for the elderly than in young adults, and produces what is called scarring effects - the risk skills atrophy , loss of business - specific human capital , and reduced income and job stability - generally associated with workers who lose their jobs in the later stages of life.